Forest(Continued)

Temperate Deciduous Forest
Tropical monsoon forest
The structure of the forest
A tropical monsoon forest has only three vertical layers, as compared to a tropical rainforest, which has five vertical layers. The trees in the monsoon forest are also shorter as the rainfall is seasonal. The lack of water during dry seasons does not allow trees to grow to great heights. The average height of the trees is 15m, although they can grow up to 30m in height.

3 vertical layers of the tropical monsoon forest:
- Canopy layer
Trees can grow to 25 to 30m in height. They are more spread out than those in a tropical rainforest. Like tropical rainforest, plants such as creepers, vines, epiphytes and parasitic plants are found within this layer.

- Understorey layer
The trees in the understorey are about 15m in height.

- Undergrowth
Bamboo thickets and grasses grow density here during the wet season. They are less dense during the dry season.